Grammar (Грамматика русского языка)

____________________ГДЕ? КУДА? ОТКУДА?______________________

The Russian language has 3 question words for positions:

 Куда? (where to) - Where are you going to? - Куда ты идешь?

 Где? (where) - Where are you? = Где ты?

 Откуда? (where from) - Where are you from = Откуда ты?

So:

куда? – the accusative case

где? – the prepositional case

откуда? – the genetive case

from (из)         ------------ >        to (в)

genetive case  ----------->     accusative case

I live in Russia (in Russia - the prepositional case) - я живу в России (not Россия).

I send  letters to Russia (to Russia - the accusative case)- я отправляю письма в Россию.

The letter is from Russia (from Russia - the genetive case) письмо из России.

About the preposition "to". In Russian it has two translations: в (in, to) and к (to).

                                  Feel the difference:

1.  I'm going to school            -           1. Give it to me

2.  I go in Italy every year        -          2. I sent it to you

3.  He's going to the kitchen       -       3.  I talk to you

The difference is in first column (left) the preposition "to" means a direction (where to). This meaning in Russian is translated as "в"(in). And it has to use the accusative case.

Я еду в Москву - I'm going to Moscow (not Москва -nomimative).

The second column (right) the preposition "to" means the adressee of speech or some action. It needs the dative case.

Я отправил письмо дочке - I sent the letter to my daughter. (dative case)

Example:

1. Где ты? - Я в спальне (prepositional case, because the question word is "where")-Where are you?- in the bedroom.

2. Куда ты идешь? - в спальню. (the accusative, because the question word is "where to")- Where are you going to? - to the bedroom.

3. Откуда ты пришел? - из спальни (the genetive, because "where from") - Where did you come from? - from the bedroom.

Ich danke dir für die toole Arbeit.

большое спасибо, Gelkin