Grammar

Hello all,  

               Starting on August  4, 2012, every Saturday I'll put the provision in the study group a detailed lesson on a particular topic of grammar, a total of 40 lessons. I hope that the information can be useful. The first lesson will be "Personal  Pronouns".

Good studies!

 

LESSON 1-PERSONAL PRONOUNS

Personal Pronouns:

 

	SUBJECTIVE	OBJECTIVE
Singular	I	Me
Singular	You	You
Singular	He	Him
Singular	She	Her
Singular	It	It
Plural	We	Us
Plural	You	You
Plural	They	them

 

The personal pronouns "SUBJUNCTIVE" work as subject of the prayers, and are placed before verbs.

          The personal pronouns like "OBJECTIVE" work as object of prayers, and are placed after verbs or prepositions.

E.g. a) I love him. (I-Subject; Love-Verb; him – direct object)

       b) Bob went to the movies with us. (with-preposition)

Note:-It is used to replace baby, child and kid when sex is not specified;

          -She is used to replace the names of ships;

          -He, she are used for pets.

Ex.: a) The kid is playing. (It is playing);

        b) The Bahia Tropical is a great ship. (She is a great ship);

        c) My little dog Bob is very special. (He is very special).

        d) The boy stole my bike! (He stole my bike!)

         e) The girl tried to laugh at his jokes. (She tried to laugh at his jokes.)

         f) The table collapsed. (It collapsed.)

         g) Archibald took the keys. (Archibald took them.)

         h) Thelma gave Louise a good ­ scolding. (Thelma gave her a good scolding.)

         i) Rover ran after the stick. (Rover ran after it.)

         j) Paul fixed the car for Peter. (Paul fixed the car for him)

          g) Who's there? – Me.; It's me.  ; It's them.

          h) Was it you?

THE NEXT LESSON WILL BE ABOUT ARTICLES

 

 

LIÇÃO 1 – PRONOMES PESSOAIS

(versão em Português)

Pronomes Pessoais:

 

	SUBJECTIVE	OBJECTIVE
Singular	I               (eu)	Me
Singular	You          (tu)	You
Singular	He            (ele)	Him
Singular	She          (ela)	Her
Singular	It              (animais, objetos)	It
Plural	We           (nós)	Us
Plural	You          (vós)	You
Plural	They        (eles)	them

 

          Os pronomes pessoais do tipo “SUBJUNCTIVE” funcionam como sujeito das orações, e são colocados antes dos verbos.

          Os pronomes pessoais do tipo “OBJECTIVE” funcionam como objeto das orações, e são colocados após os verbos ou preposições.

Ex.:a) I love him. (I – Sujeito; Love – Verbo; him – Objeto direto)

       b) Bob went to the movies with us. (with – preposição)

Obs.: - It é usado para substituir baby, child e kid quando o sexo não for especificado;

          - She é usado para substituir nomes de navios;

          - He, she são usados para animais de estimação.

Ex.: a) The kid is playing. (It is playing);

        b) The Bahia Tropical is a great ship. (She is a great ship);

        c) My little dog Bob is very special. (He is very special).

        d) The boy stole my bicycle! (He stole my bicycle!)

         e) The girl tried to laugh at his jokes. (She tried to laugh at his jokes.)

         f) The table collapsed. (It collapsed.)

         g) Archibald took the keys. (Archibald took them.)

         h) Thelma gave Louise a good ­scolding. (Thelma gave her a good scolding.)

         i) Rover ran after the stick. (Rover ran after it.)

         j) Paul fixed the car for Peter. (Paul fixed the car for him)

          g) Who’s there? – Me. ; It’s me.  ; It’s them.

          h) Was it you?

A PRÓXIMA LIÇÃO SERÁ SOBRE ARTIGOS

 

 

LECCIÓN 1: PRONOMBRES PERSONALES

(versión en español)

Pronombres personales:

 

	SUBJECTIVE	OBJECTIVE
Singular	I               (yo)	Me
Singular	You          (tú)	You
Singular	He            (él)	Him
Singular	She          (ella)	Her
Singular	It              (animales, objetos)	It
Plural	We           (nosotros, nosotras)	Us
Plural	You          (vosotros, vosotras)	You
Plural	They        (ellos, ellas)	them

 

Los pronombres personales "Subjuntivo" funciona como sujeto de las oraciones y se colocan antes de verbos.

          Los pronombres personales como "Objetivo" trabajar como objeto de oraciones y se colocan después de los verbos o preposiciones.

Ex.:a) I love him. (I – Sujeto; Love – Verbo; him – Objeto directo)

       b) Bob went to the movies with us. (with – preposición)

Nota:-se utiliza para reemplazar el child y kid cuando no se especifica el sexo;

          -She se utiliza para reemplazar los nombres de los buques;

          -He, she se utilizan para mascotas.

Ex.: a) The kid is playing. (It is playing);

        b) The Bahia Tropical is a great ship. (She is a great ship);

        c) My little dog Bob is very special. (He is very special).

        d) The boy stole my bicycle! (He stole my bicycle!)

         e) The girl tried to laugh at his jokes. (She tried to laugh at his jokes.)

         f) The table collapsed. (It collapsed.)

         g) Archibald took the keys. (Archibald took them.)

         h) Thelma gave Louise a good ­scolding. (Thelma gave her a good scolding.)

         i) Rover ran after the stick. (Rover ran after it.)

         j) Paul fixed the car for Peter. (Paul fixed the car for him)

          g) Who’s there? – Me. ; It’s me.  ; It’s them.

          h) Was it you?

 

LA PRÓXIMA LECCIÓN SERÁ SOBRE ARTÍCULOS

 

 

LEÇON 1 – LES PRONOMS PERSONNELS

(Version française)

Pronoms personnels:

 

	SUBJECTIVE	OBJECTIVE
Singulier	I               (Je)	Me
Singulier	You          (tu)	You
Singulier	He            (Il)	Him
Singulier	She          (elle)	Her
Singulier	It              (animaux, objets)	It
Pluriel	We           (nous)	Us
Pluriel	You          (vous)	You
Pluriel	They        (Ils, Elles)	them

 

Les pronoms personnels « SUBJECTIVE » fonctionne comme sujet de la prière et sont placés devant les verbes.

          Les pronoms personnels comme « OBJECTIVE » comme objet de prières et sont placés après les verbes ou les prépositions.

Ex.:a) I love him. (I – Sujet; Love – Verbe; him – Objet direct)

       b) Bob went to the movies with us. (with – préposition)

Note:-il est utilisé en remplacement de BABY, CHILD et KID quand le sexe n'est pas spécifié ;

          -She est utilisée pour remplacer les noms de navires ;

          -He, she sont utilisés pour les animaux de compagnie.

Ex.: a) The kid is playing. (It is playing);

        b) The Bahia Tropical is a great ship. (She is a great ship);

        c) My little dog Bob is very special. (He is very special).

        d) The boy stole my bicycle! (He stole my bicycle!)

         e) The girl tried to laugh at his jokes. (She tried to laugh at his jokes.)

         f) The table collapsed. (It collapsed.)

         g) Archibald took the keys. (Archibald took them.)

         h) Thelma gave Louise a good ­scolding. (Thelma gave her a good scolding.)

         i) Rover ran after the stick. (Rover ran after it.)

         j) Paul fixed the car for Peter. (Paul fixed the car for him)

          g) Who’s there? – Me. ; It’s me.  ; It’s them.

          h) Was it you?

LA LEÇON SUIVANTE SERA SUR LES ARTICLES

 

 

 

 

THOUGHT OF THE WEEK 33:

  "With our attitudes, thoughts and words, we construct the real world in which we live. Therefore, our life and our happiness depend exclusively on our attitudes, our thoughts and our words. Watch the moment, so that their future is more happy. Plant seeds of optimism and love, tomorrow to pick the fruits of joy and happiness. "

 

 

LESSON 2 – ARTICLES

(English version)

 

Definite

THE

Indefinite

A, NA

DEFINITE

The definite article (the) is used in the masculine and feminine forms, singular and plural.

Ex.: The boy is here.

         The boys are here.

         The girl is here.

         The girls are here.

 

 

 

before a word that is specified.

Ex.: This is the book that I promised to lend you.

 

before a word that means something "unique".

Ex. The sun also rises.

 

Before country names with words Union, United or Republic or whose name is in the plural.

Ex.: The United States, The Netherlands

Exception: The Congo, The Sudan, The Yemem, The Vatican

 

Antes de nomes de grupos de ilhas, penínsulas, narrows, canais.

Ex.: The Bahamas.

 

Before ship names.

Ex.: The Queen Mary.

 

Before the names of hotels and shops where the name is impersonal.

Ex.: The Ritz Hotel.

 

Before the names of rivers and oceans.

Ex.: The Atlantic Ocean.

 

Before the side points.

Ex.: The North.

 

Before poles, imaginary lines, the tropics.

Ex.: The Tropico of Cancer.

 

Before superlatives.

Ex.: The best estudant.

 

Before the names of musical instruments.

Ex.: The guitar.

 

Before ordinal numbers.

Ex.: The first.

 

Before family names plural.

Ex.: The Donalds are a famous Family.

STAY TUNED!

Do not use the definite article:

Before proper names.

Ex.: Carol is my friend.

 

Before possessive pronouns.

Ex.: Your father is an honest man.

 

Before nouns used in the general sense.

Ex.: Books are very expensive nowadays.

 

Before abstract nouns used in the general sense.

Ex.: Life is very hard for some people.

 

Before the name of meals.

Ex.: I`m going to have lunch. (dinner, breakfast)

 

Before heading names followed by their own name.

Ex.: Professor Mason is the best one at this University.

Before the names of languages.

Ex.: They both speak English very well.

 

2.            INDEFINITE:

The indefinite articles (a, an) are used in the masculine and feminine forms, but only in prayers in the singular.

Ex.: It      is        a    book.

       They are           books.

USES

A = used before words with CONSONANT SOUND

       Ex.: a pen, a man, a girl, a university (*)

       (*) . Use before words beginning with u, ew, eu (with sound of iu = y), as in: a useful thing, a ewe, a European.

             . Use before words beginning o (with the sound of uâ = w), as in: a one-eyed man.

              AN = used before words with VOWEL SOUND.

                         Ex.: an apple, an aircraft, an orange, an hour (*)

                         (*) use an before words beginning with h, when this is "dumb", as in: an honest soldier.

THE NEXT LESSON WILL BE ABOUT PLURAL