Word formation

Words in Russian can be to divided into parts (morphemes).

                            Types of morphemes:

1. A root (корень) - gives a voice to a main meaning of word.

2. A suffix (суфикс) - has place after the root and makes word formations.

3. A prefix (префикс) - has place before the root and makes word formations.

4. An ending (окончание)  gives the voice to gender, case and number.

Not all words have 4 morphemes together. The root is single obligatory part of the word. Another morphemes are non-obligatory.

For example the word:       ДОМИК 

                                             "дом" - is the root, means "the house"

                                                      "ик" - is the suffix, mean a diminutive meaning.

The root plus the suffix together means little house = домик (domik). Just two morphemes.

Diminutives are very popular in Russian language.

  мама - мамочка, мамуля, мамик, мамусик (mother -mammy), and many other

   папа - папочка, папуля, папик, папусик (dad - daddy).

Take your attention please, that the root is always same, changing just suffix.

Ты такая молодец! Я горжусь тобой!!!!

___________________The ending_______________________________

The ending in Russian gives a voice to a gender, a number and a case.

The gender

1. The endings of masculine gender:

1) for the nouns: any consonant                - дом (the house), - мир (the world)

2) for the adjectives: -ый, -ий                  - красивый (beautiful), -летний (summer)

3) for the verbs at last tense: the letter "л" - гулял - he walked, мечтал - he dreamed

4) for the pronouns in nomimative case: the  the ending letter is consonant  -     мой, он, сам

2. The endings of the feminine gender:

1) the nouns of feminine gender have the ending "а"               -  мечта, картина, школа

* If the word is ended by the letter "ь" - it can be and the musculine gender (день - the day) and femenine gender (лень - the laziness). It is necessary to remind the gender with the word.

2) the adjectives of feminine gender have the ending "ая", "яя" - красивая, летняя

3) the verbs of feminine at last tense have the ending "а"           - гуляла - she walked, мечтала - she dreamed

4) the pronouns of feminine have the ending "а", "я"                - она, моя, сама

3. The endings of the neuter gender:

1) The nouns of neuter gender have the ending: "о", "е" - небо, дерево, окно, метро, пальто, поле, зеркало

2) The adjectives of neuter gender have the ending: "ое", "ее"  - красивое, летнее

3) The verbs of neuter gender at last tense have the ending: "о" - гуляло -it walked, мечтало -it dreamed

4) The pronouns of neuter gender have the ending: "о", "е" "ё" -       оно, моё, само, какое

The number

When there is plural number, it needs to add the ending of number "и", "ы", "а"

дом - дома

мечта - мечты

окно - окна

туча - тучи

As can you observe: if the word is ended by consonant the letter of plural number is added, but if the word is ended by vowel, the last letter is chaged by the ending of plural.

3. Cases

The cases give a voice to relationships between the words. In English the prepositionals do this function. There are six cases in Russian:

1) Nominative - always subject in a sentense, there is no any prepositioon before the noun.                  

                                                                                                   - девочка гуляет - the girl walks

The endings:               masculine          feminine             neuter           plural          

for the nouns:             the consonant ,          -а(-я)               -о,(-е)            -и (ы)

for the adjectives:            ый (ий),                ая (яя),           ое (ее)           -ые (ие)

2) Genetive - is expressed the belonging, absence, the point of the departure

                                                                          крыша дома - a roof of the house

                                                                         нет молока - there is no a milk

                                                                        выходить из дома - go out from the home

The endings:               masculine          feminine             neuter                 plural             

for the nouns:                    -а ,                    -и(-ы)                 -а                       -ек, -ов

for the adjectives:            ого (его),           ой (ей),           ого (его)                   -ых (их)

3) Dative case - is expressed the action, which is addresed to something or somebody.

                                                             Он дает яблоко красивой девочке-He gives an apple to the beautiful girl

The endings:               masculine          feminine             neuter              plural

for the nouns:                    -у ,                    -е                       -у                     -ам (ям)

for the adjectives:            ому (ему),         ой (ей),           ому (ему)              ым (им)

4) Accusative case - is expressed the object.

                                                           Я вижу красивую девочку - I see the beautiful girl

The endings:               masculine          feminine             neuter             plural

for the nouns:                    - ,                    -у(-ю)                  -                   - ов, -

for the adjectives:            ый (ий),           ую (юю),           ое (ее)             -ые (ие), -ых

5) Instrumental case - is expressed the instrument who is used by anybody

                                         Я бью кулаками - I beat by the fists

                                       Я доволен большим домом - I am satisfied by big house

The endings:               masculine          feminine             neuter               plural                        

for the nouns:             -ом, -ем               -ой(-ей)                -ом, ем         -ами,-ями         

for the adjectives:           - ым (им),           -ой (-ей) ,          - ым (им)     - ими (ыми)

6) Prepositional case - is expressed the place of action. There is the preposition before the noun always.

                                      Книга - на столе - The book is on the table

The endings:               masculine          feminine             neuter                  plural

for the nouns:                    -е ,                    -е                       -е                        -ах

for the adjectives:              ом (ем),            ой (ей),            ом (ем)                 -ых(их)

I'm glad that you like it! I hope it will help you in your learning

"большое спасибо" - this is right.