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A difference between russian and english sentences is that a sentence in English language must have a subject and a predicate.
Itis spring! (It = a subject, is = a predicate)
The sentences in Russia may have got a subject and a predicate, and may haven't got a subject or a predicate.
Весна! (=it is spring) as you can see there is just one word in the sentence, this is the subject, there is no the predicate.
or that one:
В России много читают. ((people)read in Russia read a lot) - there in no a subject just the predicate.
But here it means that people are subject. It is clear thanks to the ending of the verb, tis ending shows us that we there is 3d persone plural (they).
But often the sentences are full ( have the subject and the predicate):
Люди много читают в России ( People in Russia read a lot).
The main peculiarity in Russian is an order of the words in the sentence may be any. The subject may be the 1st word in a sentence, 2d, 3d - absoulutly any.
I mean that thanks to a cases we can change the places of words.
Example:
Ялюблю своих детей - I love my children
Детей своих ялюблю - I love my children
Я своих детей люблю - I love my children
If we will do that in English we will get an obscure sentence: My children I love.
And thanks to cases we see "моих детей" - this is accusative case,
and "я" = this is nominative case,
nominative case is always subject,
so the word "я"(I) can have any place in the sentence, we know that this is subject.
And "моих детей" - this is the accusative case from "мои дети"- so it is object of my love.
08/09/2011 19:51
+ 4
Sun, 04/17/2011 - 18:02
Irina Mozelova (25)
I speak:
Russian
I learn:
English, Spanish, German, French
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In the end of the sentence it needs to write one of three marks: a full stop, a questiom mark or an exclamation mark.
If there is a narration you need to put the full stop (.) - Девочка дивет в Москве. (The girl lives in Moscow.)
If there is a question you need to put the question mark (?) - Сколько времени? (What is time?)
If there is an imperative mood or an admiration you need to write an exclamation mark - Итди! (Go!) or Какая хорошая погода! (What a good wheater is!)
A comma
1) is writting when the sentece includes in itself two or more little senteces which have their own mind (have the predicate or the subject or both)
Пришла весна, и птицы вернулись с юга - The spring has begun and bird have come back from the South.
The spring (весна) - the subject of the first sentence
Has begun (пришла) - the predicate of the first predicate
birds (птицы) - the subject of the second predicate
have come back (вернулись) -the predicate of the secont sentence.
This sentence includes two simple sentences and the comma joins them.
2) is writting in the sentences before such the conjuctions as: чтобы, потому что, когда, что
Я иду в магазин, чтобы купить хлеба- I go to the shop for buying a bread
Я знаю это, потому что я читал это в книге- I know it, because I\ve red it in a book
Я буду читать книгу, когда ты прийдешь - I'll read a book when you will come.
Спасибо тебе за то, что ты сделал это - Thank you for you did it.
3) is writting between subjects, the predicates, the nouns, the adjectives in the sentence if there is no the conjuction "и" (and)
Катя, Маша и Диана ходят гулять каждый день - Kate, Mary and Diana go for a walk evert day
Я хочу купить книгу, ручку, карандаш в этом магазине - I want to buy a book, a pen, a pencil at tis shop.
Я пойду в комнату, сяду на стул, открою книгу - I'll go to the room, sit down on a chair, open a book.
4) is writting if there is an appeal to somebody, the commas are and before and after the word-appeal for example:
Мама, купи мне это! - Mother buy me it!
Слушай, девочка, меня! - Listen girl to me!
5) is writting before and after the word if it is a word as "конечно", "непременно" (certainly, sure, of course), пожалуйста (please), да (yes), нет (no)
Irina Mozelova (25)
A difference between russian and english sentences is that a sentence in English language must have a subject and a predicate.
It is spring! (It = a subject, is = a predicate)
The sentences in Russia may have got a subject and a predicate, and may haven't got a subject or a predicate.
Весна! (=it is spring) as you can see there is just one word in the sentence, this is the subject, there is no the predicate.
or that one:
В России много читают. ((people) read in Russia read a lot) - there in no a subject just the predicate.
But here it means that people are subject. It is clear thanks to the ending of the verb, tis ending shows us that we there is 3d persone plural (they).
But often the sentences are full ( have the subject and the predicate):
Люди много читают в России ( People in Russia read a lot).
The main peculiarity in Russian is an order of the words in the sentence may be any. The subject may be the 1st word in a sentence, 2d, 3d - absoulutly any.
I mean that thanks to a cases we can change the places of words.
Example:
Я люблю своих детей - I love my children
Детей своих я люблю - I love my children
Я своих детей люблю - I love my children
If we will do that in English we will get an obscure sentence: My children I love.
And thanks to cases we see "моих детей" - this is accusative case,
and "я" = this is nominative case,
nominative case is always subject,
so the word "я"(I) can have any place in the sentence, we know that this is subject.
And "моих детей" - this is the accusative case from "мои дети"- so it is object of my love.
Irina Mozelova (25)
__________________The interrogative sentence______________________
In English when we have an interrogative sentence the predicate takes first position in the sentence.
Is this your house? - Это ваш дом?
In russian language the order of the words doesn't change.
There is just an intonation rise and the mark of question shows us this.
Это твоя собака? - Is that your dog?
Pay attention that in Russian the verb "to be" in present tense is not written.
And thanks to this in the sentences with "to be" in present tense there is no a predicate:
Эта девочка красивая - This girl is beautiful.
Ты - хороший человек - you are good human. ( a dash can replace the verb "to be")
Москва - большой город - Moscow is the big city.
Interrogative words:
1. Кто - who (кто это? - who is this?)
2. Что - what (что это? - what is this?)
3. Где - where (Где ты живешь?- where do you live)
4. Откуда - where...from (Откуда ты? - Where are you from?)
5. Куда - where (Куда ты идешь? - Where are you going?)
6. Почему - why (почему ты это сделал - why you did it?)
7. Как - how (как ты это сделал? -how you did it?)
8. Какой - what (Какой твой любимый цвет - What is your favourite colour?)
Irina Mozelova (25)
______________________The negative sentence________________________________
Я не люблю шоколад - I don't like a chocolate.
When we want to say a negative sentence we should to use a particle "не" before the predicate.
Я не пишу длинные письма - I don't write a big letters.
Я не жил в Нью-Йорке - I didn't live in New-York city.
Я не буду делать домашнее задание - I won't do a homework.
Он не любит кроликов - He doesn't like rabbits.
Irina Mozelova (25)
___________________Punctuation__________________________
There are some punctuation marks in Russian:
a full stop (period) - .
a comma - ,
an exclamation mark - !
a question mark - ?
a colon - :
a semi - ;
quotation marks - " ... "
a dash --
In the end of the sentence it needs to write one of three marks: a full stop, a questiom mark or an exclamation mark.
If there is a narration you need to put the full stop (.) - Девочка дивет в Москве. (The girl lives in Moscow.)
If there is a question you need to put the question mark (?) - Сколько времени? (What is time?)
If there is an imperative mood or an admiration you need to write an exclamation mark - Итди! (Go!) or Какая хорошая погода! (What a good wheater is!)
A comma
1) is writting when the sentece includes in itself two or more little senteces which have their own mind (have the predicate or the subject or both)
Пришла весна, и птицы вернулись с юга - The spring has begun and bird have come back from the South.
The spring (весна) - the subject of the first sentence
Has begun (пришла) - the predicate of the first predicate
birds (птицы) - the subject of the second predicate
have come back (вернулись) -the predicate of the secont sentence.
This sentence includes two simple sentences and the comma joins them.
2) is writting in the sentences before such the conjuctions as: чтобы, потому что, когда, что
Я иду в магазин, чтобы купить хлеба- I go to the shop for buying a bread
Я знаю это, потому что я читал это в книге- I know it, because I\ve red it in a book
Я буду читать книгу, когда ты прийдешь - I'll read a book when you will come.
Спасибо тебе за то, что ты сделал это - Thank you for you did it.
3) is writting between subjects, the predicates, the nouns, the adjectives in the sentence if there is no the conjuction "и" (and)
Катя, Маша и Диана ходят гулять каждый день - Kate, Mary and Diana go for a walk evert day
Я хочу купить книгу, ручку, карандаш в этом магазине - I want to buy a book, a pen, a pencil at tis shop.
Я пойду в комнату, сяду на стул, открою книгу - I'll go to the room, sit down on a chair, open a book.
4) is writting if there is an appeal to somebody, the commas are and before and after the word-appeal for example:
Мама, купи мне это! - Mother buy me it!
Слушай, девочка, меня! - Listen girl to me!
5) is writting before and after the word if it is a word as "конечно", "непременно" (certainly, sure, of course), пожалуйста (please), да (yes), нет (no)
Я, конечно, буду ждать тебя.
Да, я тебя понимаю.