GRAMMAR: Phonetics



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Phonetics is the study of the sounds of spoken language.

PHONEMES

Phonemes are speech sounds. They are not segments of words like syllables are.

An example of a phoneme is the /t/ sound n the words tip, stand, water and cat. Although they appear to be the same sound, they are not, because in each word they are pronunced slightly differently.

The English language has 44 phonemes out of which 20 are vowels and 24 consonants.

Here is the list of phonemes with its spelling.

/A/: a (table), a_e (bake), ai (train), ay (say)

/a/: a (flat)

/b/: b (ball)

/k/: c (cake), k (key), ck (back)

/d/: d (door)

/E/: e (me), ee (feet), ea (leap), y (baby)

/e/: e (pet), ea (head)

/f/: f (fish), ph (phone)

/g/: g (gas)

/h/: h (hot)

/I/: i (I), i_e (bite), igh (light), y (sky)

/i/: i (sit)

/j/: j (jet), dge (edge), g[e, i, y] (gem)

/l/: l (lamp)

/m/: m (my)

/n/: n (no), kn (knock)

/O/: o (okay), o_e (bone), oa (soap), ow (low)

/o/: o (hot)

/p/: p (pie)

/kw/: qu (quick)

/r/: r (road), wr (wrong), er (her), ir (sir), ur (fur)

/s/: s (say), c[e, i, y] (cent)

/t/: t (time)

/U/: u (future), u_e (use), ew (few)

/u/: u (thumb), a (about), e (loaded), o (wagon)

/v/: v (voice)

/w/: w (wash)

/ks/ or /gz/: x (box, exam)

/y/: y (yes)

/z/: z (zoo), s (nose)

/OO/: oo (boot), u (truth), u_e (rude), ew (chew)

/oo/: oo (book), u (put)

/oi/: oi (soil), oy (toy)

/ou/: ou (out), ow (cow)

/aw/: aw (saw), au (caught), a[l] (tall)

/ar/: ar (car)

/sh/: sh (ship), ti (nation), ci (special)

/hw/: wh (white)

/ch/: ch (chest), tch (catch)

/th/ or /th/: th (thick, this)

/ng/: ng (sing), n (think)

/zh/: s (measure)