How to Tell the Time in Korean?
Letโs learn how to tell the time in Korean, and useful phrases we can use to talk about time!
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Time in Korean is ์๊ฐ [shi-gan], so timetable is ์๊ฐํ and lunch time is ์ ์ฌ์๊ฐ, and itโs always interesting to think about the different perception of time for each culture. In Korea, being on time and doing things quickly to save time is valued highly, so being able to talk about time in Korean is an extremely important language skill.
In this article, we will learn how to talk about time in Korean, and different words and phrases we can use to talk about time.
Telling the time in Korean
Telling the time in Korean is very simple. First, to say 1 oโclock, we can say this.
- ํ ์ [han shi] - 1 oโclock
In this phrase ํ means 1, and itโs the native Korean number for 1, and ์ means hour, time of the day. The native Korean word for 1 is ํ๋, but we use the shortened form ํ to tell the time. We also use the shortened forms for numbers 2 (๋ - ๋), 3 (์ - ์ธ), and 4 (๋ท-๋ค). Below are a few more examples.
- ๋ ์ [du shi] - 2 oโclock
- ๋ค์ฏ ์ [da-seot shi] - 5 oโclock
- ์ดํ ์ [yeol-han shi] - 11 oโclock
To be more specific and say something like 1:10, we can say this.
ํ ์ ์ญ ๋ถ [han shi ship bum] - 1:10.
In this phrase ๋ถ means minute, and itโs used with Sino-Korean numbers. This is what can make telling the time a little tricky as we have to use two different numbers systems - we use ์ with native Korean numbers, and ๋ถ with Sino-Korean numbers. Here are a few more examples.
- ๋ค ์ ์ด์ญ์ค ๋ถ [ne shi i-ship-o bun] - 4:25.
- ์ด ์ ์ญ์ด ๋ถ [yeol shi ship-i bun] - 10:12
- ์ด๋ ์ ์ค์ญ ๋ถ [yeol-du shi o-ship bun] - 12:50
To say the time is 30 minutes past the hour, we can use the word ๋ฐ [ban].
- ๋ค์ฏ ์ ๋ฐ [da-seok shi ban] - 10:30
The word ๋ฐ means half, and we often use this word to say that itโs 30 minutes past the hour. Itโs also perfectly fine to say ๋ค์ฏ ์ ์ผ์ญ ๋ถ to say โ5:30โ.
In everyday life, we tell the time based on the 12 hour clock, but in certain situations, such as when talking about the departure time of trains and airplanes, we may tell the time based on the 24 hour clock. So if a flight leaves at 15:10, you can say this.
- ์ญ์ค ์ ์ญ ๋ถ [ship-o shi ship bun] - 15:10
While the phrase looks pretty much the same as the phrase used to tell the time based on the 12 hour clock, there is one big difference. When we tell the time based on the 24 hour clock, we only use Sino-Korean numbers. So do keep this in mind.
- ์ญ์น ์ ์ฌ์ญ ๋ถ [ship-chil shi sa-ship bun] - 17:40
- ์ญ์ผ ์ ์ด์ญ ๋ถ [ship-il shi i-ship bun] - 11:20
In English, itโs common to tell the time using sentences like โItโs 10 to 6.โ or โItโs 10 past six.โ. However, such expressions are not common in Korean. We occasionally use sentences like โItโs 10 to 6.โ, but rarely use sentences like โItโs 10 past sixโ.
- ์ฌ์ฏ ์ ์ญ ๋ถ ์ ์ด์์. [Yeo-seot shi ship bun jeon-i-e-yo.] - Itโs 10 to 6.
So in this sentence, we first say the hour (์ฌ์ฏ ์), and then say the minute (์ญ ๋ถ), and then we have ์ (before) and ์ด์์ (to be). So the whole sentence kind of means โItโs 10 minutes before 6โ. Below are some more example sentences.
- ์ด ์ ์ค ๋ถ ์ ์ด์์. [Yeol shi o bun jeon-i-e-yo.] - Itโs 5 to 10.
- ๋ ์ ์ญ ๋ถ ์ ์ด์์. [Du shi ship bun jeon-i-e-yo.] - Itโs 10 to 2.
Asking what time it is in Korean
Asking what time it is and answering this question is very simple. To ask what time it is, we can ask the following question.
- ๋ช ์์์? [Myeot shi-ye-yo?] - What time is it?
- ์ง๊ธ ๋ช ์์์? [Ji-geum myeot shi-ye-yo?] - What time is it now?
- ์ค๋กํฉ๋๋ค, ์ง๊ธ ๋ช ์์์? [Shil-e-ham-ni-da ji-geum myeot shi-ye-yo?] - Excuse me, what time is it now?
์ง๊ธ means now, so we can add this word in front of ๋ช ์์์ to ask what time it is now. ์ค๋กํฉ๋๋ค means โexcuse meโ, so you can use this word when youโre asking strangers for time.
In Korean, itโs important to use polite language when speaking to strangers, especially if they seem older than you. So if you have to ask what time it is to someone who is looks older than you, you can ask this question.
- ์ค๋กํฉ๋๋ค, ์ง๊ธ ๋ช ์์ธ์ง ์์ธ์? [Shil-e-ham-ni-da ji-geum myeot shi-in-ji a-se-yo?] - Excuse me, do you know what time it is now?
This is a more polite way of asking the time.
Answering these questions is very simple, and there is only one way to answer this question.
- ๋ ์์์. [Du shi-ye-yo.] - Itโs 2 oโclock.
- ์ด์ ์ ์ญ ๋ถ์ด์์. [Yeol shi ship bun-i-e-yo.] - Itโs 10:10.
- ์ผ๊ณฑ ์ ๋ฐ์ด์์. [Il-gop shi ban-i-e-yo.] - Itโs 7:30.
So we say the time, and use the polite form of ์ด๋ค (to be), either ์์ (with nouns ending in vowels) or ์ด์์ (with nouns ending in consonants).
Different times of the day in Korean
To refer to AM and PM, we use the words ์ค์ (AM) and ์คํ (PM). The syllable ์ค means noon, and itโs used with either ์ (before) or ํ (after), so ์ค์ means โbefore noonโ, and ์คํ means โafter noonโ.
- ์ค์ ์ดํ ์ [o-hu yeol-han shi] - 11AM
- ์คํ ๋ค ์ ๋ฐ [o-jeon ne shi ban] - 4:30PM
We can also use words like morning and afternoon.
- ์์นจ [a-chim] - morning
- ์คํ [o-hu] - afternoon
- ์ ๋
[jeo-nyeok] - evening
- ๋ฐค [bam] - night
- ์๋ฒฝ [sae-byeok] - dawn
Using these words, we can refer to specific times during the day.
- ์์นจ ์ผ๊ณฑ ์ [a-chim il-gop shi] - 7 oโclock in the morning (7AM)
- ์ ๋
์ฌ์ฏ ์ [jeo-nyeok yeo-seot shi] - 6 oโclock in the evening (6PM)
- ์๋ฒฝ ๋ ์ [sae-byeok du shi] - 2 oโclock at dawn (2AM)
To refer to either noon or midnight, we use the following words.
- ์ ์ค [jeong-o] - noon
- ์์ [je-jeong] - midnight
We can also sometimes say ๋ฏ 12์ (12 oโclock in the day) to refer to noon, and ๋ฎ [nat] means โday, daytimeโ. To say midnight, we can also say ๋ฐค 12์ (12 oโclock at night).
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Time related phrases in Korean
The most common particle we use with time is the particle ์ [e]. Itโs similar in meaning to the English preposition โatโ.
- ์ ๋ ์์นจ ์ผ๊ณฑ ์์ ์ผ์ด๋์. [Jeo-neun a-chim il-gop shi-e il-eo-na-yo.] - I get up at 7 in the morning.
- ์ ๋ ์คํ ํ ์์ ์ ์ฌ์ ๋จน์ด์. [Jeo-neun o-hu han shi-e jeom-sim-eul meo-geo-yo.] - I eat lunch at 1 in the afternoon.
To talk about approximate amount of time, we often use the word ์ฏค [jjeum]. We use ์ฏค to refer to approximate amount of something, and itโs often used with the time particle ์, so we use ์ฏค์ to talk about doing something around a certain time.
- ์ ๋ ์์นจ ์ผ๊ณฑ ์์ฏค์ ์ผ์ด๋์. [Jeo-neun a-chim il-gop shi-jjeum-e il-eo-na-yo.] - I get up around 7 in the morning.
- ์ ๋ ์คํ ํ ์์ฏค์ ์ ์ฌ์ ๋จน์ด์. [Jeo-neun o-hu han shi-jjeum-e jeom-sim-eul meo-geo-yo.] - I eat lunch around 1 in the afternoon.
To talk about doing some from a certain time, we can use ๋ถํฐ [bu-teo]. We can use ๋ถํฐ with time related phrases to talk about doing something from a certain time.
- ์ ๋ ์์นจ ์ฌ๋ ์๋ถํฐ ์ผํด์. [Jeo-neun a-chim yeo-deol shi-bu-teo il-hae-yo.] - I work from 8 in the morning.
- ์ ๋ ๋ค์ฏ ์๋ถํฐ ๊ณต๋ถํด์. [Jeo-neun da-seot shi-bu-teo gong-bu-hae-yo.] - I study from 5.
To talk about doing something until a certain time, we can use ๊น์ง [kka-ji]. As well as time, we can use ๊น์ง with various other time phrases to talk about doing something until a certain time.
- ์ ๋ ์ด ์๊น์ง ์์. [Jeo-neun yeol shi-kka-ji ja-yo.] - I sleep until 10 oโclock.
- ์ ๋ ๋ค์ฏ ์๊น์ง ๊ณต๋ถํด์. [Jeo-neun da-seot shi-kka-ji gong-bu-hae-yo.] - I study until 5.
We can also use ๋ถํฐ and ๊น์ง to say from what time until what time something happens. When we use ๋ถํฐ and ๊น์ง in this way, ๊น์ง can be interpreted to mean until or to.
- ์ ๋ ์ํ ์๋ถํฐ ์ผ๊ณฑ ์๊น์ง ์ผํด์. [Jeo-neun a-hop shi-bu-teo il-gop shi-kka-ji il-hae-yo.] - I work from 9 to 7.
- ์ ๋ ์๋ฒฝ ํ ์๋ถํฐ ์ฌ์ฏ ์๊น์ง ์์. [Jeo-neun sae-byeok han shi-bu-teo yeo-seot shi-kka-ji ja-yo.] - I sleep from 1AM to 6AM.
To say before, we use ์ ์ [jeon-e], and we can use this word to talk about something happening before a certain time.
- ์ ๋ ์ฌ๋ ์์ ์ ์ผ์ด๋์. [Jeo-neun yeo-deol shi-jeon-e il-eo-na-yo.] - I get up before 8 oโclock.
- ์ ๋ ์ํ ์์ ์ ํด๊ทผํด์. [Jeo-neun a-hop shi-jeon-e twe-geun-hae-yo.] - I get off work before 9 oโclock.
To say after, we use ํ์ [hu-e], and we can use this word to talk about something happening after a certain time.
- ์ ๋ ์ด ์ํ์ ์ด๋ํด์. [Jeo-neun yeol- shi-hu-e un-dong-hae-yo.] - I exercise after 10 oโclock.
- ์ ๋ ์ํ ์ํ์ ๋ฐ๋น ์. [Jeo-neun a-hop shi-hu-e ba-ppa-yo.] - Iโm busy after 9 oโclock.
Other useful time related vocabulary in Korean
Korean | Romanization | English |
---|---|---|
๋ | [nyeon] | year |
์ด | [cho] | second |
์๊ณ | [shi-gye] | clock, watch |
์๋ชฉ์๊ณ | [son-mok-shi-gye] | wristwatch |
์์ฐจ | [shi-cha] | time difference |
์๊ฐ์ด ์๋ค | [shi-gan-i eop-da] | to have time |
์๊ฐ์ด ์๋ค | [shi-gan-i it-da] | to not have time |
Times around the world
South Korea is 9 hours ahead of Greenwich time, and below are some time differences with major cities around the world.
World time differences to Seoul, South Korea
Seoul | City | Time difference | Time |
---|---|---|---|
Saturday, 12PM | Sydney | +1 hour | Saturday, 1PM |
Saturday, 12PM | Singapore | -1 hour | Saturday, 11AM |
Saturday, 12PM - | Bangkok | -2 hours | Saturday, 10AM |
Saturday, 12PM | Dubai | -5 hours | Saturday, 7AM |
Saturday, 12PM | Paris | -8 hours | Saturday, 4AM |
Saturday, 12PM | London | -9 hours | Saturday, 3AM |
Saturday, 12PM | New York | -14 hours | Friday, 10PM |
Saturday, 12PM | Chicago | -15 hours | Friday, 9PM |
Saturday, 12PM | Denver | -16 hours | Friday, 8PM |
Saturday, 12PM | Los Angeles | -17 hours | Friday, 7PM |
Conclusion
Telling the time is one of the most basic language skills, and being able to talk about time with others is fundamentally important. It will help you to make plans with others, allow you to buy tickets for entertainment shows, buy tickets for transport, and make reservations at your favorite Korean BBQ restaurant. So now that you have learned all the basic skills, itโs important for you to practice using what you have learned, so check out our Korean courses where you can practice talking about what time you get up in the morning!
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